It is estimated that around 10% of females have a condition called Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. The syndrome is characterized by insulin resistance, the hormone necessary for the body to utilize glucose. It can also be considered a reproductive disorder because menstrual irregularities can occur which affect some women’s ability to conceive.
Because of the prevalence of this disorder, and the possibility that it may go undiagnosed, it is important for women to be familiar with the symptoms. Because insulin may not be working properly, circulating levels of this hormone may rise in the bloodstream in order to compensate. Insulin is a growth hormone, meaning that it promotes weight gain. An accumulation of fat, particularly around the belly, in the absence of any change in diet or activity level, may indicate [private_membership circle] that insulin is the culprit. Other signs of insulin resistance include skin tags, reddened rough patches on the upper arms called follicular keratosis, dark skin patches, intense carbohydrate cravings, or other symptoms of hypoglycemia.
High circulating levels of insulin can also upset the balance of female sex hormones, leading to irregular periods, excessive body hair, or acne. PCOS is one of the most common causes of menstrual irregularity and infertility problems. It is also a risk factor for heart disease.
If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to speak with your doctor about simple testing that can help diagnose and monitor PCOS. Some of these include hormone levels such as testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Fasting insulin levels, lipid profiles including total cholesterol, are also typically done.
Many, though not all women also have multiple cysts on their ovaries (which explains the name of the syndrome) but this is not necessary for a diagnosis of PCOS.
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Jennie Wade, MEd, RD, LD
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